Here to clear this up for anyone who is wondering.
Planet exclusive resources are pretty much just resources that only spawn on certain planets.
They never spawn on starter planets.
They can be found by going into the help menu and searching them up. Searching them using the help menu will tell you stuff about it like if it's flammable or if it has above average malleability etc, etc
They can be put in bins however they cannot be taken out of them (as far as I know)
Most of them have little use and are just a cool novelty.